Welcome to your Anatomy & Physiology Quizz
1.
Which structure in the airway prevents aspiration of foreign bodies into the lower respiratory tract?
2.
What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?
3.
Which of the following muscles is responsible for the majority of respiratory effort during quiet breathing?
4.
The afferent limb of the cough reflex is carried by which cranial nerve?
5.
Which part of the central nervous system regulates the rhythm of breathing?
6.
What is the normal range for tidal volume in a healthy adult?
7.
The correct order of the layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost is:
8.
The most important determinant of oxygen delivery to tissues is:
9.
What is the primary action of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart?
10.
In which part of the kidney does most of the reabsorption of water and electrolytes occur?
11.
The Frank-Starling mechanism explains that:
12.
What is the primary function of the right atrium?
13.
Which structure of the heart has the highest intrinsic rate of depolarization?
14.
Inhaled anesthetics primarily exert their effects on the central nervous system by:
15.
Which of the following is the most likely outcome of hypokalemia on the heart?
16.
The predominant cause of decreased lung compliance in ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) is:
17.
Which cranial nerve controls the majority of parasympathetic functions in the body?
18.
In the resting state, which type of muscle fiber primarily utilizes aerobic metabolism for energy production?
19.
What is the most common side effect of administering high-dose opioid analgesics in the perioperative setting?
20.
Which of the following mechanisms primarily contributes to the regulation of systemic blood pressure during hemorrhagic shock?
21.
The primary function of the lymphatic system is to:
22.
Which of the following physiological changes occurs during the induction of general anesthesia?
23.
What is the most significant risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients?
24.
Which of the following is the primary site of action for inhaled anesthetics?
25.
Which of the following is a feature of hyperkalemia that can be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
26.
The primary role of the renal tubules is to:
27.
The function of the Frank-Starling law is to:
28.
Which structure is responsible for controlling the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles?
29.
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in young adults?
30.
In the nervous system, myelination of axons primarily serves to:
31.
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature?
32.
What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in blood pressure regulation?
33.
What is the primary function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
34.
The most important factor for maintaining resting membrane potential in excitable cells is the:
35.
Which of the following is the primary effect of vasopressin (ADH) on the kidneys?
36.
Which of the following is the most important buffer system in the extracellular fluid?
37.
Which of the following is a primary action of angiotensin II?
38.
In a normal adult, which part of the kidney is responsible for the regulation of acid-base balance?
39.
What is the primary mechanism of action of diuretics like furosemide?
40.
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
41.
Which of the following best describes the primary function of the spleen in the immune system?
42.
What is the primary effect of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor activation in smooth muscle?
43.
Which of the following muscles is most commonly used for intramuscular injection in adults?
44.
What is the effect of a beta-1 adrenergic agonist on the heart?
45.
Which of the following changes in the cardiovascular system is most commonly associated with pregnancy?
46.
What is the primary function of the renal glomerulus?
47.
In the central nervous system, which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?
48.
Which of the following best describes the role of the vagus nerve in the body’s autonomic control?
49.
Which of the following is most likely to occur in a patient with hypovolemia and hypotension?
50.
Which of the following structures regulates the blood-brain barrier's selective permeability?
51.
Which of the following is a key difference between pediatric and adult respiratory physiology?
52.
Which of the following anatomical changes in pregnancy can contribute to the increased risk of aspiration?
53.
In geriatric patients, which of the following changes in renal physiology is most commonly observed?
54.
In pediatric patients, the liver enzyme activity for drug metabolism is generally:
55.
Which of the following changes in cardiovascular physiology occurs in elderly patients?
56.
What is the most significant change in the respiratory system of an elderly patient?
57.
Which of the following is a characteristic of pediatric cardiovascular physiology that must be considered during anesthesia?
58.
During pregnancy, the blood volume increases by approximately:
59.
Which of the following changes in the central nervous system is commonly seen in elderly patients?
60.
Which of the following physiological changes during pregnancy can alter drug pharmacokinetics?
61.
Which of the following is true about pediatric airway anatomy compared to adults?
62.
In geriatric patients, the metabolism of anesthetic drugs is generally:
63.
Which of the following changes in the renal system occurs during pregnancy?
64.
In pediatric patients, the blood-brain barrier is:
65.
Which of the following physiological changes in pregnancy is most likely to lead to a decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC)?
66.
The fetal circulation is primarily adapted for:
67.
In pediatric patients, which of the following changes in cardiovascular physiology should be taken into consideration during anesthesia?
68.
During pregnancy, which of the following is responsible for the increased blood volume?
69.
Which of the following is the most significant change in the respiratory system of the elderly?
70.
Which of the following is the most common cause of decreased hepatic drug metabolism in the elderly?
71.
In pregnancy, the increased oxygen consumption (up to 20%) is mainly due to:
72.
What is the most significant anatomical feature of the pediatric airway that makes intubation more difficult?
73.
In pregnant women, which of the following factors increases the risk of venous thromboembolism
74.
In pediatric anesthesia, the metabolic rate of neonates is higher than that of adults. This is due to:
75.
In elderly patients, which of the following changes in the nervous system should be considered during anesthesia?
76.
The fetal circulation bypasses the lungs via the:
77.
In the pediatric cardiovascular system, which of the following statements is true regarding their response to blood loss?
78.
Which of the following changes in respiratory function occurs in the elderly?
79.
During pregnancy, the secretion of progesterone causes:
80.
Which of the following is a primary anatomical consideration when performing anesthesia in pediatric patients?
