Welcome to your Pediatric Anaesthesia Quizz
1.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the pediatric cardiovascular system that has implications for anesthesia?
2.
What is the primary reason for the higher risk of hypoxia in infants during anesthesia induction?
3.
In pediatric patients, the most important factor in the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic drugs during the first few months of life is:
4.
Which of the following inhalational anesthetics is most likely to be used in pediatric anesthesia due to its rapid onset and low incidence of airway irritation?
5.
In the management of pediatric anesthesia, what is the most important consideration when using nitrous oxide (Nâ‚‚O)?
6.
Which of the following is the most appropriate technique for securing the airway in a 2-year-old child undergoing general anesthesia for a minor surgical procedure?
7.
The neonatal liver is immature in its capacity to metabolize drugs. Which of the following anesthetic drugs should be used with caution in neonates due to its hepatic metabolism?
8.
In pediatric patients, which of the following factors would most likely increase the risk of postoperative apnea after general anesthesia?
9.
Which of the following statements regarding pediatric airway anatomy is true?
10.
Which of the following is the most appropriate induction agent for an infant requiring general anesthesia for an urgent surgical procedure?
11.
What is the most common side effect of inhalational anesthetics in pediatric patients?
12.
In pediatric anesthesia, what is the major risk when using succinylcholine for muscle relaxation?
13.
The pediatric anesthetist is about to administer a general anesthetic to a 5-year-old child. Which of the following is the most important first step to ensure a smooth induction?
14.
A 3-year-old child is undergoing an elective procedure under general anesthesia. The child has a history of asthma. Which of the following preoperative measures is the most important to minimize the risk of perioperative bronchospasm?
15.
During the induction of anesthesia in a child, which of the following anesthetic agents is most likely to cause a significant drop in systemic blood pressure?
16.
In a 2-year-old child undergoing surgery, which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for preventing intraoperative awareness during anesthesia?
17.
A 4-month-old infant undergoing surgery under general anesthesia is given succinylcholine for muscle relaxation. What is the most important complication to monitor for in this infant?
18.
A pediatric patient has been administered sevoflurane for general anesthesia. The child is at high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Which of the following interventions is most likely to reduce this risk?
19.
A 1-year-old child undergoing a surgical procedure requires general anesthesia. Which of the following is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic agents in infants and young children?
20.
A 10-year-old child is undergoing surgery for an elective procedure. The child has a history of seizures. Which of the following anesthetic agents should be avoided during the induction of anesthesia?
21.
A 5-year-old child with severe scoliosis is undergoing spinal surgery under general anesthesia. What is the most important consideration regarding positioning during the procedure?
22.
In a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy undergoing anesthesia for a non-emergency procedure, which anesthetic agent should be avoided due to the risk of malignant hyperthermia?
23.
A 2-year-old child undergoing general anesthesia for a minor procedure is at risk of intraoperative hypothermia. Which of the following strategies would be the most effective in preventing this complication?
24.
During a pediatric anesthesia case, a 4-year-old child with a known egg allergy requires a dose of propofol for induction. What is the most important consideration in this situation?
25.
A 6-year-old child undergoing elective surgery requires general anesthesia. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of monitoring anesthetic depth in pediatric patients?
26.
Which of the following regional anesthesia techniques is most commonly used for providing anesthesia in children undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery?
27.
A 3-year-old child is undergoing lower limb surgery, and a femoral nerve block is considered. Which of the following is an important consideration when performing a femoral nerve block in pediatric patients?
28.
A 5-year-old child is undergoing surgery for a hernia repair, and a caudal block is considered for perioperative analgesia. Which of the following is the most appropriate local anesthetic to use for the block in this patient?
29.
Which of the following complications is most commonly associated with the caudal block in pediatric anesthesia?
30.
A 6-year-old child undergoing lower abdominal surgery is to receive a lumbar epidural block. Which of the following factors would increase the risk of local anesthetic toxicity in this child?
31.
In a 2-year-old child undergoing circumcision, which of the following regional blocks would provide the most effective anesthesia with minimal side effects?
32.
Which of the following is the most appropriate regional anesthetic technique for a pediatric patient undergoing lower extremity surgery who has a history of difficult intubation?
33.
A 6-year-old child requires a brachial plexus block for upper extremity surgery. Which of the following is the most important consideration when performing this block in a pediatric patient?
34.
A 4-year-old child undergoing lower limb surgery has received a sciatic nerve block for anesthesia. Which of the following is a common complication associated with this technique in pediatric patients?
35.
Which of the following is the most common complication associated with epidural anesthesia in pediatric patients?
36.
A 10-year-old child requires an epidural block for lower abdominal surgery. What is the most appropriate method of catheter placement for this block in pediatric patients?
37.
When performing a caudal block in a pediatric patient, which of the following is the most important anatomical landmark for correct needle placement?
38.
A 4-year-old child is undergoing an inguinal hernia repair, and a sciatic nerve block is considered for postoperative pain management. Which of the following is the primary advantage of combining a sciatic nerve block with a femoral nerve block?
39.
A 2-year-old child requires an epidural block for a lower abdominal surgery. Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the correct dose of local anesthetic in pediatric epidural anesthesia?
40.
A 3-year-old child is undergoing lower abdominal surgery and requires a caudal block. Which of the following potential complications should be carefully monitored after this block?
41.
When performing a brachial plexus block using the interscalene approach in a pediatric patient, which of the following is a significant risk?
42.
A 6-year-old child is undergoing surgery requiring an epidural block for postoperative pain management. What is the most appropriate local anesthetic for this block, considering safety and efficacy in pediatrics?
43.
A 4-year-old child is receiving a sciatic nerve block for lower limb surgery. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to assess the effectiveness of the block after administration?
44.
Which of the following is the most common complication associated with caudal block in pediatric anesthesia?
45.
Local anesthetic toxicity is the most significant risk associated with caudal blocks. The injection of large amounts of local anesthetic can lead to systemic toxicity, particularly if injected inadvertently into the intravascular or intrathecal space. Proper dosing, monitoring, and anatomical knowledge are essential to minimize this risk.
46.
A 5-year-old child is undergoing surgery that requires a brachial plexus block using the axillary approach. What is the major advantage of using the axillary approach over the supraclavicular approach in pediatric patients?
47.
A 7-year-old child is undergoing lower abdominal surgery, and a caudal block is being planned. What is the primary indication for using a caudal block in this patient?
48.
A 10-year-old child is scheduled for a femoral nerve block as part of the anesthetic plan for knee surgery. Which of the following is the most important factor in ensuring the success of this block?
49.
The success of a femoral nerve block depends on the accurate placement of the local anesthetic near the femoral nerve, which lies in close proximity to the femoral artery and vein. The use of ultrasound guidance can improve the accuracy of the block, ensuring optimal anesthesia for the knee and thigh.
50.
A 3-year-old child undergoing lower limb surgery is receiving a popliteal sciatic nerve block. What is the most common complication associated with this block in pediatric patients?
51.
A 2-year-old child is undergoing surgery requiring general anesthesia. Which of the following is the most important factor to consider when choosing the appropriate anesthetic agent for this patient?
52.
A 5-year-old child is receiving a caudal block for a lower limb surgery. What is the most common complication associated with caudal anesthesia in young children?
53.
Which of the following is the most appropriate approach for ensuring adequate sedation in a child undergoing a painful procedure under local anesthesia?
54.
A 3-year-old child with myelomeningocele is undergoing surgery. What is the most critical consideration when anesthetizing a child with this condition?
55.
For children with myelomeningocele, the most critical consideration during anesthesia is spinal cord injury prevention. These children may have a compromised spinal cord, which increases the risk of injury during positioning or instrumentation. Ensuring appropriate positioning and avoiding excessive manipulation of the spine is essential. They may also have respiratory difficulties due to associated lung and chest wall defects, which should be carefully managed.
56.
A 9-year-old child is undergoing a tonsillectomy and is to receive general anesthesia. What is the most appropriate choice for induction of anesthesia in this pediatric patient?
57.
A 10-year-old child with severe asthma is scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia. Which of the following perioperative management strategies is most important for minimizing the risk of bronchospasm during anesthesia?
58.
A 4-year-old child is undergoing a correction of congenital clubfoot under general anesthesia. Which of the following factors is most likely to affect the volume of local anesthetic required for a single shot nerve block in pediatric patients?
59.
A pediatric patient with diabetes mellitus is undergoing surgery. Which of the following is the most important aspect of anesthesia management in this patient?
60.
A 2-year-old child is undergoing inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia with a caudal block for postoperative analgesia. The child develops signs of local anesthetic toxicity. What is the first step in management?
61.
In a 5-year-old child undergoing surgery, which of the following is the most appropriate formula to determine the size of the endotracheal (ET) tube for intubation?
62.
A 2-year-old child weighing 12 kg is undergoing a procedure that requires intravenous sedation. What is the appropriate dose of propofol (in mg) for induction, given that the recommended dose is 2.5 mg/kg?
63.
A 4-year-old child undergoing a tonsillectomy requires muscle relaxants. What is the best approach to muscle relaxant dosing in pediatric patients?
64.
A 6-month-old infant is undergoing surgery. Which of the following physiological differences between pediatric and adult patients is most important when considering airway management?
65.
A 4-year-old child weighing 16 kg is undergoing general anesthesia. What is the recommended maintenance dose of sevoflurane (in %) in this child?
66.
A 2-year-old child is undergoing surgery and is being given sevoflurane as an inhalational anesthetic. Which of the following is a critical physiological difference between children and adults that affects the pharmacokinetics of inhalational agents like sevoflurane?
67.
A 3-year-old child is being intubated for a procedure requiring general anesthesia. Which of the following should be used to select the appropriate endotracheal tube size in this patient?
68.
A 2-year-old child undergoing open heart surgery has been administered induction agents. Which of the following cardiovascular changes is most likely to occur as a result of the anesthesia in this age group?
69.
In pediatric patients, which of the following differences in anatomy must be considered during airway management?
70.
A 3-year-old child is undergoing surgery. What is the primary physiological reason why pediatric patients are more susceptible to hypothermia during anesthesia?
71.
A 5-year-old child weighing 18 kg is scheduled for surgery. What is the appropriate dose of fentanyl (in mcg/kg) for intraoperative analgesia based on standard pediatric dosing recommendations?
72.
Which of the following anatomical differences between pediatric and adult patients most significantly affects the airway management in children?
73.
A 2-year-old child weighing 10 kg is to receive propofol for induction of anesthesia. What is the most appropriate dose of propofol for induction in this patient?
74.
Which of the following is the most important consideration in the selection of an anesthetic agent for a child with asthma undergoing a non-respiratory surgery?
75.
A 6-month-old infant is undergoing inguinal hernia repair. What is the most appropriate endotracheal tube size for intubation in this infant?
76.
A 4-year-old child undergoing appendectomy is being induced with sevoflurane. What is the most appropriate method of securing the airway during induction in a child of this age?
77.
A 9-year-old child is scheduled for spinal surgery. The child weighs 25 kg. What is the most appropriate dose of local anesthetic for a single-shot caudal block based on the child’s weight?
78.
Which of the following physiological differences in pediatric patients contributes to their increased sensitivity to volatile anesthetics compared to adults?
79.
In pediatric anesthesia, which of the following pharmacokinetic factors is most different from adult patients, affecting the dosing of propofol in children?
80.
A 3-year-old child is undergoing surgery, and a caudal block is planned for postoperative analgesia. Which of the following complications should be specifically monitored for during the postoperative period?
81.
Which of the following differences in pediatric physiology contributes to an increased risk of hypothermia during anesthesia?
82.
A 5-year-old child requires total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for a minor procedure. Which of the following is the most commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent in pediatric patients for TIVA?
83.
What is the most appropriate endotracheal tube (ET tube) size for an 8-year-old child weighing 25 kg based on the standard formula for children?
84.
A 12-year-old child undergoing surgery is administered ketamine for induction of anesthesia. Which of the following is the most likely side effect of ketamine that the anesthesia provider should be prepared for?
85.
A 2-year-old child is undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. What is the most appropriate opioid for intraoperative pain management in this child?
86.
In pediatric patients, which of the following physiological differences affects their response to volatile anesthetics more than adults?
87.
A 1-year-old child is undergoing surgery and requires regional anesthesia for postoperative analgesia. Which of the following blocks is commonly used for postoperative pain control in pediatric lower abdominal surgery?
88.
A 5-year-old child is undergoing open-heart surgery. The anesthesiologist intends to monitor cerebral oxygenation using a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device. What is the principle behind NIRS in cerebral monitoring?
89.
During a general anesthetic for a 4-year-old, the anesthesia provider is asked to perform a laryngoscopy. What is a significant anatomical difference in the pediatric airway that must be considered during the procedure?
90.
A 6-year-old child is scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia and has a history of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Which of the following is the most appropriate anesthetic consideration in this case?
91.
Which of the following is the most commonly used regional anesthesia technique in pediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery?
92.
A pediatric patient is undergoing a procedure under general anesthesia, and the anesthesiologist is concerned about drug dosing based on body weight. For propofol infusion in a 6-year-old child weighing 20 kg, what is the correct infusion rate for maintenance anesthesia?
93.
A 3-year-old child requires general anesthesia for a procedure. What is the most appropriate ET tube size for this child based on the child’s age and weight?
94.
Which of the following is the most critical factor in determining the correct inhalational agent for pediatric anesthesia?
95.
The selection of the appropriate inhalational anesthetic is influenced by the procedure's duration and invasiveness. Sevoflurane is commonly used for induction due to its fast onset and low airway irritability. It is also ideal for short- to medium-duration procedures. The duration of the surgery is an essential factor, as it affects the agent's maintenance and recovery profile.
96.
For pediatric patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, which of the following is the most likely cause of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children?
97.
A pediatric patient is undergoing a major surgery under general anesthesia. The anesthesia team is concerned about the pharmacokinetic differences between children and adults. Which of the following factors is important to consider when dosing volatile anesthetics in children?
98.
A 10-month-old child is undergoing a procedure requiring general anesthesia. Which of the following is a key consideration when choosing an appropriate anesthetic agent?
99.
During the administration of local anesthetics in a pediatric patient undergoing minor surgery, what is a key factor that influences the dose of anesthetic agent?
100.
What is a common complication in pediatric patients following a regional block for lower limb surgery?
