Welcome to your Test 14 Which of the following is the most common side effect of epidural analgesia? Hypotension Bradycardia Nausea Respiratory depression None What is the primary mechanism of action of local anesthetics? Blockade of sodium channels Blockade of potassium channels Blockade of calcium channels Blockade of chloride channels None Which of the following anesthetic agents is known for causing malignant hyperthermia? Sevoflurane Propofol Succinylcholine Isoflurane None The primary reason for using preoperative sedation is to: Decrease anxiety Increase blood pressure Prevent nausea Increase heart rate None Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic agent? Hypercarbia Increased intracranial pressure Hypovolemia Pregnancy None What is the main effect of administering dexmedetomidine in anesthesia? Analgesia and sedation Analgesia only Sedation only Muscle relaxation None Which of the following is an advantage of using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) over inhalational anesthesia? Reduced risk of malignant hyperthermia Faster recovery time Reduced cost Less postoperative nausea None The most common complication of general anesthesia is: Hypotension Bradycardia Nausea and vomiting None Which of the following is the most commonly used intravenous induction agent? Ketamine Propofol Thiopental Etomidate None Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of succinylcholine? Malignant hyperthermia Liver cirrhosis Pregnancy Asthma None Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause postoperative delirium in elderly patients? Propofol Nitrous oxide Benzodiazepines Ketamine None Which of the following is a risk associated with the use of regional anesthesia? Hemorrhage Infection at the site of injection Cardiac arrhythmias Pulmonary embolism None Which of the following is a common cause of postoperative hypoxia? Airway obstruction Hypovolemia Hyperventilation Hypothermia None Which of the following agents is most commonly used for induction in children? Isoflurane Sevoflurane Propofol Ketamine None Which of the following is a feature of an ideal anesthetic agent? High solubility in blood Slow onset and recovery Non-toxic to organs High potency None Which anesthetic agent is commonly associated with the side effect of "rigid chest"? Sevoflurane Isoflurane Ketamine Succinylcholine None What is the mechanism of action of propofol? GABA receptor agonist NMDA receptor antagonist Dopamine receptor antagonist Acetylcholine receptor agonist None Which of the following is the most common cause of perioperative cardiac arrest? Myocardial infarction Cardiac arrhythmias Hypovolemia Air embolism None Which of the following is the best indicator of the depth of anesthesia? Heart rate Blood pressure Bispectral index (BIS) Respiratory rate None What is the most important consideration when performing a spinal block in a patient with a history of hypertension? Risk of hypotension Risk of hyperkalemia Risk of increased intracranial pressure Risk of arrhythmias None Which of the following is the primary benefit of using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) over an endotracheal tube (ETT)? Greater airway protection Easier insertion Lower risk of aspiration Better oxygenation None Which of the following medications is the first-line treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)? Ondansetron Dexamethasone Metoclopramide Promethazine None Which of the following intravenous anesthetics has the least effect on respiratory rate and tidal volume? Ketamine Propofol Thiopental Etomidate None Which of the following anesthetic agents is most likely to cause myocardial depression? Isoflurane Sevoflurane Desflurane Propofol None Which of the following is the main complication of the use of epidural anesthesia? Respiratory depression Post-dural puncture headache Hypotension Seizures None Which of the following is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of propofol? It has a high volume of distribution It is metabolized by the kidneys It has a long half-life It has a slow onset of action None Which of the following agents should be avoided in patients with a history of porphyria? Sevoflurane Propofol Ketamine Barbiturates None Which of the following would be an early sign of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)? Seizures Hypotension Bradycardia Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) None Which of the following is the preferred muscle relaxant for patients with renal failure? Pancuronium Vecuronium Succinylcholine Atracurium None Which of the following agents is used to reverse the effects of opioid-induced respiratory depression? Naloxone Flumazenil Atropine Neostigmine None Which of the following is a potential complication of high spinal anesthesia? Hypertension Bradycardia Hyperthermia Vomiting None Which of the following inhalational agents has the fastest onset and offset of action? Sevoflurane Desflurane Isoflurane Nitrous oxide None Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of nitrous oxide? Pregnancy (first trimester) Postoperative ileus Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Asthma None Which of the following is a hallmark sign of a successful epidural block? Absence of pain sensation below the level of the block Complete muscle paralysis Loss of sympathetic tone Increased heart rate None Which of the following agents is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)? Propofol Nitrous oxide Sevoflurane Desflurane None Which of the following is the main contraindication for the use of sevoflurane? Malignant hyperthermia Hepatic insufficiency Renal failure Allergy to halogenated agents None Which of the following is the primary action of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA)? Blockade of acetylcholine release Competitive inhibition at the acetylcholine receptor Depolarization of the neuromuscular junction Enhancement of acetylcholine release None What is the primary mechanism of action of desflurane? GABA receptor agonist NMDA receptor antagonist Inhibition of sodium channels Inhalational anesthetic that enhances chloride ion flux None Which of the following is an expected effect of atropine administration during anesthesia? Increased salivation Bradycardia Mydriasis (pupil dilation) Hypotension None Which of the following is the first-line agent for treating status asthmaticus in an anesthetized patient? Epinephrine Albuterol Magnesium sulfate Ketamine None Which of the following inhalational anesthetics is most likely to cause a significant increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)? Isoflurane Sevoflurane Nitrous oxide Desflurane None Which of the following is the most common cause of intraoperative hypotension in a patient under general anesthesia? Hypovolemia Anaphylaxis Myocardial infarction Bradycardia None Which of the following intravenous agents has analgesic properties and is used in combination with other anesthetics for balanced anesthesia? Ketamine Propofol Etomidate Thiopental None Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the potency of an inhalational anesthetic? Blood-gas partition coefficient Oil-gas partition coefficient Molecular weight Nitrous oxide concentration None Which of the following is a key feature of the anesthetic agent propofol? Analgesic properties Non-hypnotic It can cause hypotension at induction It has a long half-life None Which of the following is the first-line treatment for postoperative shivering? Meperidine Dantrolene Naloxone Fluids and warming None Which of the following local anesthetics is known for having the longest duration of action? Lidocaine Bupivacaine Mepivacaine Prilocaine None Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant hyperthermia (MH)? Metabolic alkalosis Muscle rigidity Bradycardia Decreased carbon dioxide production None Which of the following is the most common site for performing a spinal block in adults? L3-L4 intervertebral space L2-L3 intervertebral space T12-L1 intervertebral space L1-L2 intervertebral space None Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with an increased risk of difficult airway management? Obesity Asthma Diabetes Hypertension None Which of the following is an ideal characteristic of an intravascular catheter for regional anesthesia? High flow rate Low resistance to blood flow Small diameter Short length None What is the mechanism of action of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers? Blockade of acetylcholine release Inhibition of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction Activation of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase None Which of the following is a major concern when using high-dose inhalational anesthetics in pediatric patients? Increased incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting Risk of hypoglycemia Increased incidence of malignant hyperthermia Potential for hepatotoxicity None Which of the following is the most commonly used muscle relaxant for rapid sequence induction? Rocuronium Vecuronium Succinylcholine Pancuronium None Which of the following is a risk factor for developing post-dural puncture headache (PDPH)? Younger age Female gender Low body weight Large gauge needle None Time's up
