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Welcome to your Test 14
Which of the following is the most common side effect of epidural analgesia?
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Nausea
Respiratory depression
None
What is the primary mechanism of action of local anesthetics?
Blockade of sodium channels
Blockade of potassium channels
Blockade of calcium channels
Blockade of chloride channels
None
Which of the following anesthetic agents is known for causing malignant hyperthermia?
Sevoflurane
Propofol
Succinylcholine
Isoflurane
None
The primary reason for using preoperative sedation is to:
Decrease anxiety
Increase blood pressure
Prevent nausea
Increase heart rate
None
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic agent?
Hypercarbia
Increased intracranial pressure
Hypovolemia
Pregnancy
None
What is the main effect of administering dexmedetomidine in anesthesia?
Analgesia and sedation
Analgesia only
Sedation only
Muscle relaxation
None
Which of the following is an advantage of using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) over inhalational anesthesia?
Reduced risk of malignant hyperthermia
Faster recovery time
Reduced cost
Less postoperative nausea
None
The most common complication of general anesthesia is:
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Nausea and vomiting
None
Which of the following is the most commonly used intravenous induction agent?
Ketamine
Propofol
Thiopental
Etomidate
None
Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of succinylcholine?
Malignant hyperthermia
Liver cirrhosis
Pregnancy
Asthma
None
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause postoperative delirium in elderly patients?
Propofol
Nitrous oxide
Benzodiazepines
Ketamine
None
Which of the following is a risk associated with the use of regional anesthesia?
Hemorrhage
Infection at the site of injection
Cardiac arrhythmias
Pulmonary embolism
None
Which of the following is a common cause of postoperative hypoxia?
Airway obstruction
Hypovolemia
Hyperventilation
Hypothermia
None
Which of the following agents is most commonly used for induction in children?
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Propofol
Ketamine
None
Which of the following is a feature of an ideal anesthetic agent?
High solubility in blood
Slow onset and recovery
Non-toxic to organs
High potency
None
Which anesthetic agent is commonly associated with the side effect of "rigid chest"?
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
Ketamine
Succinylcholine
None
What is the mechanism of action of propofol?
GABA receptor agonist
NMDA receptor antagonist
Dopamine receptor antagonist
Acetylcholine receptor agonist
None
Which of the following is the most common cause of perioperative cardiac arrest?
Myocardial infarction
Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypovolemia
Air embolism
None
Which of the following is the best indicator of the depth of anesthesia?
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Bispectral index (BIS)
Respiratory rate
None
What is the most important consideration when performing a spinal block in a patient with a history of hypertension?
Risk of hypotension
Risk of hyperkalemia
Risk of increased intracranial pressure
Risk of arrhythmias
None
Which of the following is the primary benefit of using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) over an endotracheal tube (ETT)?
Greater airway protection
Easier insertion
Lower risk of aspiration
Better oxygenation
None
Which of the following medications is the first-line treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?
Ondansetron
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide
Promethazine
None
Which of the following intravenous anesthetics has the least effect on respiratory rate and tidal volume?
Ketamine
Propofol
Thiopental
Etomidate
None
Which of the following anesthetic agents is most likely to cause myocardial depression?
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Desflurane
Propofol
None
Which of the following is the main complication of the use of epidural anesthesia?
Respiratory depression
Post-dural puncture headache
Hypotension
Seizures
None
Which of the following is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of propofol?
It has a high volume of distribution
It is metabolized by the kidneys
It has a long half-life
It has a slow onset of action
None
Which of the following agents should be avoided in patients with a history of porphyria?
Sevoflurane
Propofol
Ketamine
Barbiturates
None
Which of the following would be an early sign of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?
Seizures
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
None
Which of the following is the preferred muscle relaxant for patients with renal failure?
Pancuronium
Vecuronium
Succinylcholine
Atracurium
None
Which of the following agents is used to reverse the effects of opioid-induced respiratory depression?
Naloxone
Flumazenil
Atropine
Neostigmine
None
Which of the following is a potential complication of high spinal anesthesia?
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Hyperthermia
Vomiting
None
Which of the following inhalational agents has the fastest onset and offset of action?
Sevoflurane
Desflurane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
None
Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of nitrous oxide?
Pregnancy (first trimester)
Postoperative ileus
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Asthma
None
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of a successful epidural block?
Absence of pain sensation below the level of the block
Complete muscle paralysis
Loss of sympathetic tone
Increased heart rate
None
Which of the following agents is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)?
Propofol
Nitrous oxide
Sevoflurane
Desflurane
None
Which of the following is the main contraindication for the use of sevoflurane?
Malignant hyperthermia
Hepatic insufficiency
Renal failure
Allergy to halogenated agents
None
Which of the following is the primary action of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA)?
Blockade of acetylcholine release
Competitive inhibition at the acetylcholine receptor
Depolarization of the neuromuscular junction
Enhancement of acetylcholine release
None
What is the primary mechanism of action of desflurane?
GABA receptor agonist
NMDA receptor antagonist
Inhibition of sodium channels
Inhalational anesthetic that enhances chloride ion flux
None
Which of the following is an expected effect of atropine administration during anesthesia?
Increased salivation
Bradycardia
Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Hypotension
None
Which of the following is the first-line agent for treating status asthmaticus in an anesthetized patient?
Epinephrine
Albuterol
Magnesium sulfate
Ketamine
None
Which of the following inhalational anesthetics is most likely to cause a significant increase in intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Desflurane
None
Which of the following is the most common cause of intraoperative hypotension in a patient under general anesthesia?
Hypovolemia
Anaphylaxis
Myocardial infarction
Bradycardia
None
Which of the following intravenous agents has analgesic properties and is used in combination with other anesthetics for balanced anesthesia?
Ketamine
Propofol
Etomidate
Thiopental
None
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the potency of an inhalational anesthetic?
Blood-gas partition coefficient
Oil-gas partition coefficient
Molecular weight
Nitrous oxide concentration
None
Which of the following is a key feature of the anesthetic agent propofol?
Analgesic properties
Non-hypnotic
It can cause hypotension at induction
It has a long half-life
None
Which of the following is the first-line treatment for postoperative shivering?
Meperidine
Dantrolene
Naloxone
Fluids and warming
None
Which of the following local anesthetics is known for having the longest duration of action?
Lidocaine
Bupivacaine
Mepivacaine
Prilocaine
None
Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant hyperthermia (MH)?
Metabolic alkalosis
Muscle rigidity
Bradycardia
Decreased carbon dioxide production
None
Which of the following is the most common site for performing a spinal block in adults?
L3-L4 intervertebral space
L2-L3 intervertebral space
T12-L1 intervertebral space
L1-L2 intervertebral space
None
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with an increased risk of difficult airway management?
Obesity
Asthma
Diabetes
Hypertension
None
Which of the following is an ideal characteristic of an intravascular catheter for regional anesthesia?
High flow rate
Low resistance to blood flow
Small diameter
Short length
None
What is the mechanism of action of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
Blockade of acetylcholine release
Inhibition of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
Activation of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
None
Which of the following is a major concern when using high-dose inhalational anesthetics in pediatric patients?
Increased incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting
Risk of hypoglycemia
Increased incidence of malignant hyperthermia
Potential for hepatotoxicity
None
Which of the following is the most commonly used muscle relaxant for rapid sequence induction?
Rocuronium
Vecuronium
Succinylcholine
Pancuronium
None
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing post-dural puncture headache (PDPH)?
Younger age
Female gender
Low body weight
Large gauge needle
None
Time's up
