1.
A 65-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Which of the following is the most important consideration when selecting the anaesthetic agent?
2.
Which of the following changes in physiological variables is most commonly associated with general anaesthesia in healthy adults?
3.
Which of the following anaesthetic agents has the least effect on myocardial function and is considered safest in patients with ischemic heart disease?
4.
In a patient with severe liver dysfunction, which of the following anaesthetics should be used with caution due to potential prolonged effects?
5.
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of fentanyl?
6.
A patient undergoing surgery requires both general anaesthesia and muscle relaxation. Which of the following muscle relaxants has the longest duration of action?
7.
A 45-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes undergoes a laparotomy. Which of the following should be closely monitored during anaesthesia?
8.
What is the primary cause of hypotension in patients receiving spinal anaesthesia?
9.
A patient is receiving nitrous oxide as part of a balanced anaesthetic regimen. Which of the following is the most important consideration in the use of nitrous oxide?
10.
Which of the following conditions is an absolute contraindication to the use of succinylcholine?
11.
Which of the following changes in cerebral physiology is typically observed during anaesthesia?
12.
Which of the following monitoring techniques is essential in patients undergoing general anaesthesia with muscle relaxants to prevent intraoperative awareness?
13.
Which of the following is the most common cause of perioperative hypoxia in patients undergoing general anaesthesia?
14.
Which of the following anesthetic agents is most commonly used for rapid sequence induction in trauma patients?
15.
Which of the following drugs is most likely to be responsible for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in a patient who received general anaesthesia with sevoflurane?
16.
In a patient undergoing major abdominal surgery, which of the following is the most common complication associated with spinal anaesthesia?
17.
What is the most important reason for preoperative fasting before elective surgery?
18.
A 70-year-old patient with chronic renal failure is scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Which of the following anaesthetic agents is the safest choice for induction?
19.
Which of the following is the most appropriate method for assessing the depth of anaesthesia during a surgical procedure?
20.
A 45-year-old woman with a known history of asthma presents for elective surgery. Which of the following anaesthetic agents is least likely to trigger bronchospasm during induction?
21.
. A 25-year-old male undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia suddenly develops hypercapnia. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the hypercapnia?
22.
Which of the following is the most common cause of prolonged emergence from general anaesthesia?
23.
Which of the following neuromuscular blocking agents has the fastest onset and shortest duration of action?
24.
A 55-year-old male with a history of hypertension and atrial fibrillation is undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. Which of the following is most likely to be affected by anaesthesia in this patient?
25.
A 70-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a recent stroke is undergoing elective surgery. What is the most appropriate anaesthetic agent in this patient?
26.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) during general anaesthesia?
27.
Which of the following is the most common cause of intraoperative awareness during general anaesthesia?
28.
Which of the following is the most important factor to monitor during the induction of anaesthesia in a patient with a known history of malignant hyperthermia?
29.
Which of the following agents can be used as a reversal for opioid-induced respiratory depression?
30.
Which of the following is a characteristic of regional anaesthesia compared to general anaesthesia?
